Newburn-Cook Christine V, White Debbie, Svenson Lawrence W, Demianczuk Nestor N, Boff Nancy, Edwards Joy
Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton.
West J Nurs Res. 2002 Dec;24(8):887-904. doi: 10.1177/019394502237700.
Law birth weight (LBW), due to shortened gestation and/or inadequate fetal growth. is the major determinant of infant mortality and morbidity. Despite improvements in infant mortality, them has been no reduction in LBW rates. The authors examined the relationship between 33 maternal characteristics and the increased risks of preterm (PT) delivery or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births in 76,444 Alberta women 1994-1997. PT was associated with preexisting medical conditions, obstetrical history, and pregnancy complications. Modifiable factors such as advanced maternal age contributed only 11% to the overall PT risk. SGA births were associated with several modifiable factors, including low prepregnancy weight, maternal age, smoking, drinking, and drug dependency. These contributed to 29% and 31% of PTand term SGA births. Smoking remains an important target for intervention, having contributed to 8% of PT births and about 24% of SGA births. SGA appears to be more amenable to prevention than PT delivery.
低出生体重（LBW），由于孕期缩短和/或胎儿生长不足，是婴儿死亡率和发病率的主要决定因素。尽管婴儿死亡率有所改善，但低出生体重率并未下降。作者研究了1994年至1997年间76444名艾伯塔省妇女的33种母亲特征与早产（PT）或小于胎龄（SGA）出生风险增加之间的关系。早产与既往病史、产科病史和妊娠并发症有关。如高龄产妇等可改变因素仅占总体早产风险的11%。小于胎龄儿出生与几个可改变因素有关，包括孕前体重低、产妇年龄、吸烟、饮酒和药物依赖。这些因素分别导致29%的早产和31%的足月小于胎龄儿出生。吸烟仍然是重要的干预目标，导致8%的早产和大约24%的小于胎龄儿出生。小于胎龄儿似乎比早产更易于预防。
