Ghafoor Asma, Jemal Ahmedin, Cokkinides Vilma, Cardinez Cheryll, Murray Taylor, Samuels Alicia, Thun Michael J
Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA.
CA Cancer J Clin. 2002 Nov-Dec;52(6):326-41. doi: 10.3322/canjclin.52.6.326.
The American Cancer Society provides estimates on the number of new cancer cases and deaths, and compiles health statistics on African Americans in a biennial publication, Cancer Facts and Figures for African Americans. The compiled statistics include cancer incidence, mortality, survival, and lifestyle behaviors using the most recent data on incidence and survival from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), and behavioral information from the Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS), and National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). It is estimated that 132,700 new cases of cancer and 63,100 deaths will occur among African Americans in the year 2003. Although African Americans have experienced higher incidence and mortality rates of cancer than whites for many years, incidence rates have declined by 2.7 percent per year in African-American males since 1992, while stabilizing in African-American females. During the same period, death rates declined by 2.1 percent and 0.4 percent per year among African-American males and females, respectively. The decrease in both incidence and death rates from cancer among African-American males was the largest of any racial or ethnic group. Nonetheless, African Americans still carry the highest cancer burden among US racial and ethnic groups. Most cancers detectable by screening are diagnosed at a later stage and survival rates are lower within each stage of disease in African Americans than in whites. The extent to which these disparities reflect unequal access to health care versus other factors is an active area of research.
美国癌症协会对新癌症病例数和死亡人数进行估算，并每两年出版一期《非裔美国人癌症事实与数据》，汇编非裔美国人的健康统计数据。汇编的统计数据包括癌症发病率、死亡率、生存率以及生活方式行为等信息，数据来源为美国国立癌症研究所（NCI）的监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）计划中关于发病率和生存率的最新数据、美国国家卫生统计中心（NCHS）的死亡率数据，以及行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）、青少年风险行为监测系统（YRBSS）和国家健康访谈调查（NHIS）中的行为信息。据估计，2003年非裔美国人中将有132,700例新癌症病例和63,100人死亡。尽管多年来非裔美国人的癌症发病率和死亡率一直高于白人，但自1992年以来，非裔美国男性的发病率每年下降2.7%，而非裔美国女性的发病率则趋于稳定。在同一时期，非裔美国男性和女性的死亡率分别每年下降2.1%和0.4%。非裔美国男性癌症发病率和死亡率的下降幅度在所有种族或族裔群体中是最大的。尽管如此，非裔美国人在美国种族和族裔群体中仍然承受着最高的癌症负担。大多数可通过筛查发现的癌症在较晚阶段才被诊断出来，而且在疾病的每个阶段，非裔美国人的生存率都低于白人。这些差异在多大程度上反映了获得医疗保健的不平等与其他因素，是一个活跃的研究领域。
