Merrill L, Halverson L J
Department of Microbiology, 2537 Agronomy Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1010, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2002 Nov-Dec;31(6):2074-85. doi: 10.2134/jeq2002.2074.
Anaerobic manure storage systems are one of the major contributors to the odor and environmental pollution associated with swine (Sus scrofa) production systems. The microbial ecology of manure storage systems and the relationships between microbial communities and odor production are largely unknown. In this study, we used community fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis to generate lipid profiles to assess seasonal differences among microbial communities inhabiting various types of outdoor swine manure storage systems. Concurrently, we measured manure concentrations of several malodor indicator compounds as well as pH, temperature, and solids content. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that there are differences in FAME profiles among the swine manure storage systems examined and most of the variation was in the relative abundance of 18:0, 18:1omega7t, 18:1omega7c/omega9t/omega12t, and 16:1omega7t/i15:0 2OH FAMEs. The PCA of the FAME profiles revealed that the phototrophic systems were more similar to each other and that the nonphototrophic systems were more similar to each other than they were to phototrophic lagoons. There were seasonal changes in the FAME profiles in the phototrophic systems and the concrete nonphototrophic basin (CNPB), and in one phototrophic system, the FAME profiles more closely resembled a CNPB FAME profile during the winter than the other phototrophic lagoons. In the phototrophic lagoon systems, there was a direct correlation between the abundance of the FAMEs identified in the PCA and manure concentrations of phenol, p-cresol, and 4-ethyl phenol. In the CNPB, there was a negative correlation between the total phenolics concentration and the 18:1omega7t FAME. Our results indicate that community FAME profiles could be used as a diagnostic tool for obtaining preliminary evidence that management practices are altering the system's microbial community to one that favors less air pollution potential.
厌氧粪便储存系统是与养猪（猪）生产系统相关的气味和环境污染的主要来源之一。粪便储存系统的微生物生态学以及微生物群落与气味产生之间的关系在很大程度上尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们使用群落脂肪酸甲酯（FAME）分析来生成脂质谱，以评估居住在各种类型的室外猪粪便储存系统中的微生物群落之间的季节差异。同时，我们测量了几种恶臭指示化合物的粪便浓度以及pH值、温度和固体含量。主成分分析（PCA）表明，在所检查的猪粪便储存系统中，FAME谱存在差异，并且大部分变化在于18:0、18:1omega7t、18:1omega7c/omega9t/omega12t和16:1omega7t/i15:0 2OH FAMEs的相对丰度。FAME谱的PCA显示，光养系统彼此更相似，而非光养系统彼此更相似，而不是与光养泻湖相似。光养系统和混凝土非光养池（CNPB）中的FAME谱存在季节性变化，并且在一个光养系统中，冬季的FAME谱比其他光养泻湖更类似于CNPB的FAME谱。在光养泻湖系统中，PCA中鉴定出的FAMEs丰度与粪便中苯酚、对甲酚和4-乙基苯酚的浓度之间存在直接相关性。在CNPB中，总酚类浓度与18:1omega7t FAME之间存在负相关性。我们的结果表明，群落FAME谱可以用作诊断工具，以获得初步证据，证明管理实践正在将系统的微生物群落改变为有利于降低空气污染潜力的群落。
