Blum Michael J, Bermingham Eldredge, Dasmahapatra Kanchon
Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2003 Jan;26(1):46-55. doi: 10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00291-9.
While Anartia butterflies have served as model organisms for research on the genetics of speciation, no phylogeny has been published to describe interspecific relationships. Here, we present a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Anartia species relationships, using both mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Analyses of both data sets confirm earlier predictions of sister species pairings based primarily on genital morphology. Yet both the mitochondrial and nuclear gene phylogenies demonstrate that Anartia jatrophae is not sister to all other Anartia species, but rather that it is sister to the Anartia fatima-Anartia amathea lineage. Traditional biogeographic explanations for speciation across the genus relied on A. jatrophae being sister to its congeners. These explanations invoked allopatric divergence of sister species pairs and multiple sympatric speciation events to explain why A. jatrophae flies alongside all its congeners. The molecular phylogenies are more consistent with lineage divergence due to vicariance, and range expansion of A. jatrophae to explain its sympatry with congeners. Further interpretations of the tree topologies also suggest how morphological evolution and eco-geographic adaptation may have set species range boundaries.
虽然阿纳蒂亚蝴蝶一直是物种形成遗传学研究的模式生物，但尚未有系统发育树发表以描述种间关系。在此，我们利用线粒体基因和核基因对阿纳蒂亚物种关系进行了分子系统发育分析。对两个数据集的分析证实了此前主要基于生殖器形态对姐妹物种配对的预测。然而，线粒体基因和核基因系统发育树均表明，雅氏阿纳蒂亚蝴蝶并非所有其他阿纳蒂亚物种的姐妹种，而是法氏阿纳蒂亚蝴蝶 - 阿马蒂亚阿纳蒂亚蝴蝶谱系的姐妹种。传统的关于整个属物种形成的生物地理学解释依赖于雅氏阿纳蒂亚蝴蝶是其同属物种的姐妹种。这些解释援引姐妹物种对的异域分化以及多次同域物种形成事件来解释为什么雅氏阿纳蒂亚蝴蝶与其所有同属物种一同飞行。分子系统发育树更符合由于地理隔离导致的谱系分化以及雅氏阿纳蒂亚蝴蝶的范围扩张来解释其与同属物种的同域分布。对树形拓扑结构的进一步解读还表明了形态进化和生态地理适应可能是如何设定物种分布范围边界的。
