Flaming Don
Medicine Hat College, School of Nursing, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada.
Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2002 Fall;16(3):147-59. doi: 10.1891/rtnp.16.3.147.53013.
Nursing excellence is usually defined in terms of having and applying more and more knowledge, especially from nursing science--the more nurses know, the better their practice. This conceptualization of nursing practice has similarities with the ancient Greek mode of reasoning called techne but cannot adequately deal with the ambiguities of everyday nursing. Nursing excellence does occur, however, with phronetic, ontological practice in which a nurse's morals, habits, and dispositions guide practice. Of course, nurses need a comprehensive knowledge and skill base, but phronetic nurses negotiate the "rough ground" of nursing practice because ontological dispositions are guiding practice rather than simply applying generalizable and communal knowledge from nursing science. Techne-ical practice leads to competent nursing, but only phronetic practice results in nursing excellence. Included in this article is a description of techne-ical practice, its limitations for nursing excellence, and rationale for adopting a phronetic conceptualization of nursing practice.
卓越护理通常被定义为拥有并应用越来越多的知识，尤其是来自护理科学的知识——护士知道得越多，他们的实践就越好。这种护理实践的概念化与古希腊称为techne的推理模式有相似之处，但无法充分应对日常护理中的模糊性。然而，卓越护理确实会在实践智慧的、本体论的实践中出现，在这种实践中，护士的道德、习惯和性情会指导实践。当然，护士需要全面的知识和技能基础，但实践智慧的护士会在护理实践的“崎岖地带”进行协商，因为本体论的性情在指导实践，而不仅仅是应用护理科学中可推广的和公共的知识。技术实践能带来胜任的护理，但只有实践智慧的实践才能带来卓越护理。本文包括对技术实践的描述、其对卓越护理的局限性，以及采用实践智慧的护理实践概念化的理由。
