小儿门诊手术术后恶心呕吐的发生率

Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in paediatric ambulatory surgery.

作者信息

Villeret I, Laffon M, Duchalais A, Blond M H, Lecuyer A I, Mercier C

机构信息

Unité d'Anesthésie-Réanimation Pédiatrique, CHU, Hôpital Clocheville, Tours, France.

出版信息

Paediatr Anaesth. 2002 Oct;12(8):712-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00952.x.

DOI:10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00952.x

PMID:12472709

Abstract

BACKGROUND

We performed a prospective descriptive study over a 5-month period to determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) during the first 24 h following elective ambulatory paediatric surgery, excluding head and neck procedures.

METHODS

Four hundred and seven patients, aged 15 days to 16 years, were analysed prospectively.

RESULTS

The incidence of PONV was 9.4%, occurring most frequently during the first 3 h after anaesthesia and in hospital but rarely during the journey home. It was associated with age, previous history of PONV, tracheal intubation or use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA trade mark ), controlled or manual ventilation, opioids and absence of oral intake of liquids or solids. Conversely, type of surgery, premedication, induction mode, association of regional anaesthesia, inhaled nitrous oxide, duration of anaesthesia, stay in the postanaesthesia care unit and duration of journey after discharge were not significantly associated with PONV.

CONCLUSIONS

PONV never induced complications or delayed patient discharge and curative treatment was rapidly effective.

摘要

背景

我们进行了一项为期5个月的前瞻性描述性研究，以确定择期非住院小儿手术（不包括头颈部手术）后24小时内术后恶心呕吐（PONV）的发生率。

方法

对407例年龄在15天至16岁之间的患者进行前瞻性分析。

结果

PONV的发生率为9.4%，最常发生在麻醉后及住院的最初3小时内，而在回家途中很少发生。它与年龄、既往PONV史、气管插管或使用喉罩气道（LMA商标）、控制通气或手动通气、阿片类药物以及未口服液体或固体有关。相反，手术类型、术前用药、诱导方式、区域麻醉联合、吸入氧化亚氮、麻醉持续时间、在麻醉后护理单元的停留时间以及出院后行程时间与PONV无显著相关性。