Sreenivasan Prem, Gaffar Abdul
Colgate-Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA.
J Clin Periodontol. 2002 Nov;29(11):965-74. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.291101.x.
Modern dentistry emphasizes the importance of dental plaque control to improve oral health. The use of oral care formulations with antiplaque biocides plays a crucial role in patient-directed approaches for plaque control. The antiplaque efficacies of these formulations have been extensively studied in many long-term clinical studies designed in accordance with well-accepted guidelines. The results from these studies conclusively demonstrate that long-term use of oral care formulations with well-known antiplaque biocides such as chlorhexidine and triclosan reduce supragingival plaque and gingivitis. This review summarizes microbiological results from clinical studies conducted with oral care formulations containing antiplaque biocides. Results from a number of long-term clinical studies conducted under real-life use conditions indicate no adverse alterations in the bacteria found in dental plaque or emergent microbial resistance. Additionally, microbial sampling of dental plaque subsequent to extended use of antiplaque biocides reveals no increase in resistant microflora. Large numbers of common oral bacteria isolated from patients using chlorhexidine indicate no increase in microbial resistance to chlorhexidine or to commonly used antibiotics. The effects of antiplaque biocides containing oral care formulations on dental plaque that exists naturally as a biofilm are examined. These formulations contain biocide, surfactants, polymers and other components that are effective against the biofilm. In summary, the results of studies on the real-life use of oral care formulations with antiplaque biocides show no emergence of resistant microflora or alterations of the oral microbiota, while such formulations have been found to provide the benefits of reducing plaque and gingivitis.
现代牙科强调控制牙菌斑对改善口腔健康的重要性。使用含有抗牙菌斑杀菌剂的口腔护理制剂在以患者为导向的牙菌斑控制方法中起着关键作用。这些制剂的抗牙菌斑功效已在许多按照公认指南设计的长期临床研究中得到广泛研究。这些研究结果确凿地表明，长期使用含有洗必泰、三氯生等知名抗牙菌斑杀菌剂的口腔护理制剂可减少龈上菌斑和牙龈炎。本综述总结了使用含有抗牙菌斑杀菌剂的口腔护理制剂进行的临床研究的微生物学结果。在实际使用条件下进行的多项长期临床研究结果表明，牙菌斑中发现的细菌没有出现不良变化，也没有出现新的微生物耐药性。此外，在长期使用抗牙菌斑杀菌剂后对牙菌斑进行微生物采样，结果显示耐药菌群没有增加。从使用洗必泰的患者中分离出的大量常见口腔细菌表明，对洗必泰或常用抗生素的微生物耐药性没有增加。研究了含有抗牙菌斑杀菌剂的口腔护理制剂对天然以生物膜形式存在的牙菌斑的影响。这些制剂含有对生物膜有效的杀菌剂、表面活性剂、聚合物和其他成分。总之，关于含有抗牙菌斑杀菌剂的口腔护理制剂实际使用情况的研究结果表明，没有出现耐药菌群或口腔微生物群的改变，同时已发现此类制剂具有减少菌斑和牙龈炎的益处。
