Ritter E
Medizinische Klinik 5 und Inst. für Med. Onkologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord.
MMW Fortschr Med. 2002 Oct 10;144(41):33-7.
Vitamins are essential components of a normal diet, and sufficient amounts are always needed. Occasionally, multivitamin supplements may make sense in cancer patients. However, because of the balance of (antioxidant) vitamins, coenzymes, trace elements and secondary phytochemicals it offers, a varied diet of fresh fruits and vegetables is--wherever possible--to be preferred to supplements of single or combinations of vitamins. Although preclinical studies have confirmed the positive effects of high-dose vitamins on cancer, there is currently no evidence that increased consumption of vitamins benefits cancer patients--nor is the dose necessary to achieve a possible therapeutic impact known. Since a number of clinical and epidemiological studies fail to show any benefit, and adverse effects have even been reported, high-dose vitamins can at present be recommended only for short-term substitution in known vitamin deficiencies. Before a definitive pronouncement can be made, therefore, further clinical studies of megavitamins in cancer patients are needed.
维生素是正常饮食的必需成分，始终需要充足的量。偶尔，复合维生素补充剂对癌症患者可能有意义。然而，由于新鲜水果和蔬菜提供了（抗氧化）维生素、辅酶、微量元素和次生植物化学物质的平衡，因此只要有可能，多样化的新鲜水果和蔬菜饮食比单一维生素或多种维生素组合的补充剂更可取。尽管临床前研究已经证实高剂量维生素对癌症有积极作用，但目前没有证据表明增加维生素摄入量对癌症患者有益——也不清楚达到可能的治疗效果所需的剂量。由于一些临床和流行病学研究未能显示出任何益处，甚至还报告了不良反应，目前高剂量维生素仅推荐用于已知维生素缺乏的短期替代。因此，在做出明确的声明之前，需要对癌症患者使用大剂量维生素进行进一步的临床研究。
