Ben-Shlomo Rachel, Kyriacou Charalambos P
Department of Biology, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon 36006, Israel.
Cell Biochem Biophys. 2002;37(2):141-56. doi: 10.1385/CBB:37:2:141.
Circadian rhythms are a fundamental adaptation of living cells to the daily and seasonal fluctuation in light and temperature. Circadian oscillations persist in constant conditions; however, they are also phase-adjusted (entrained) by day-night cycles. It is this entrainability that provides for the proper phasing of the program, to the sequence of external changes that it has evolved to exploit. Synchronization of circadian oscillators with the outside world is achieved because light, temperature, or other external temporal cues, have acute effects on the levels of one or more of the clock's components. The consequences are ripples through the interconnected molecular loops, leading to a stable phase realignment of the endogenous rhythm generator and the external conditions. This review summarized the evolving knowledge of the different types, modes, and molecular processes of entrainment in flies and mammals.
昼夜节律是活细胞对光和温度的每日及季节性波动的一种基本适应。昼夜振荡在恒定条件下持续存在；然而，它们也会被昼夜循环进行相位调整（校准）。正是这种可校准性使得该程序能够根据其进化而来以利用的外部变化序列进行适当的相位调整。昼夜振荡器与外部世界的同步得以实现，是因为光、温度或其他外部时间线索会对时钟的一个或多个组件的水平产生急剧影响。其结果是通过相互连接的分子环产生波动，导致内源性节律发生器与外部条件的稳定相位重新调整。本综述总结了关于果蝇和哺乳动物中不同类型、模式及校准分子过程的不断发展的知识。
