Effects of hypoxia on retinal pigmented epithelium cells: protection by antioxidants.

Age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, are probably linked to the effects of oxygen radicals derived from light or metabolic reactions. We have investigated the effects of hypoxia on bovine retinal pigmented epithelial cells (RPE) and the response of these cells to two antioxidants that have previously shown a beneficial action against free radical-linked senescent involution. The main results of the study were as follows: (i) Hypoxia induced apoptotic damage on RPE cells, with LDH leakage and ATP reduction; (ii) both vitamin C (VC) and N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) treatment protected against hypoxia-induced apoptosis, with less DNA fragmentation. In our opinion, these findings justify further experimental and clinical work to investigate the role of hypoxia in the mechanisms of age-related RPE injury and death as well as the potential of antioxidant administration to prevent or delay retinal degenerative processes caused by oxygen-dependent pathophysiological conditions.