Schult Carolyn A
Psychology Department, Indiana University South Bend, 46634, USA.
Child Dev. 2002 Nov-Dec;73(6):1727-47. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00502.
Much of the previous research on children's understanding of intentions confounded intentions with desires. Intentions and desires are different, in that a desire can be satisfied in a number of ways, but an intention must be satisfied by carrying out the intended action. Children 3 through 7 years of age and adults were presented with situations in which intentions were satisfied but desires were not, or vice versa, in a story-comprehension task (N = 71) and a target-hitting game (N = 45). Although 3- and 4-year-olds were unable to differentiate desires and intentions consistently, 5- and 7-year-olds often matched the adult pattern. Younger children's difficulties in understanding intentions are discussed in terms of their use of a desire-outcome matching strategy and the representational complexities of intentions.
先前关于儿童对意图理解的许多研究将意图与愿望混为一谈。意图和愿望是不同的，因为愿望可以通过多种方式得到满足，但意图必须通过执行预期的行动才能得到满足。在一项故事理解任务（N = 71）和一项目标击中游戏（N = 45）中，向3至7岁的儿童和成年人呈现了意图得到满足但愿望未得到满足，或者反之亦然的情境。虽然3岁和4岁的儿童无法始终如一地区分愿望和意图，但5岁和7岁的儿童通常与成年人的模式相符。根据年幼儿童对愿望-结果匹配策略的使用以及意图的表征复杂性，讨论了他们在理解意图方面的困难。
