Davies Patrick T, Forman Evan M
Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Child Dev. 2002 Nov-Dec;73(6):1880-903. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00512.
Guided by the emotional security hypothesis, this research identified (1) individual differences in children's strategies for preserving their emotional security in the interparental relationship, and (2) the psychosocial and family correlates of these individual differences. Study 1 assessed reactivity to parental conflict simulations among 56 school-age children, whereas Study 2 solicited child and mother reports of 170 young adolescents' reactions to actual marital conflict. Cluster analyses in both studies indicated that children fit three profiles: (1) secure children, who showed well-regulated concern and positive representations of interparental relationships; (2) insecure-preoccupied children, who evidenced heightened distress, involvement or avoidance, and negative representations of interparental relationships; and (3) insecure-dismissing children, who displayed overt signs of elevated distress, avoidance, and involvement and low levels of subjective distress, avoidance and intervention impulses, and negative internal representations. Results in both studies indicated that preoccupied and dismissing children experienced more interparental conflict than did secure children, and preoccupied children evidenced the highest levels of internalizing symptoms. Study 2 results indicated that dismissing children had the highest levels of externalizing symptoms and preoccupied and dismissing children reported more coping, family, and personality difficulties than did secure children.
在情感安全假设的指导下，本研究确定了：（1）儿童在父母关系中维护其情感安全的策略的个体差异；（2）这些个体差异的心理社会和家庭相关因素。研究1评估了56名学龄儿童对父母冲突模拟的反应，而研究2则征集了170名青少年对实际婚姻冲突的反应的儿童和母亲报告。两项研究中的聚类分析表明，儿童可分为三种类型：（1）安全型儿童，他们表现出良好调节的关注和对父母关系的积极表征；（2）不安全-专注型儿童，他们表现出更高的痛苦、卷入或回避，以及对父母关系的消极表征；（3）不安全-忽视型儿童，他们表现出明显的痛苦、回避和卷入迹象，以及低水平的主观痛苦、回避和干预冲动，和消极的内部表征。两项研究的结果均表明，专注型和忽视型儿童比安全型儿童经历了更多的父母冲突，且专注型儿童表现出最高水平的内化症状。研究2的结果表明，忽视型儿童具有最高水平的外化症状，且专注型和忽视型儿童比安全型儿童报告了更多的应对、家庭和个性方面的困难。
