Jaslow P
J Gerontol. 1976 Mar;31(2):212-8. doi: 10.1093/geronj/31.2.212.
This study constitutes an effort to apply to females the role-theoretical orientation to work and retirement in old age which has often been applied to men. Cross-sectional data from a national probability sample of 2,398 women age 65 and over are used to test the hypothesis that older working women have better morale than those who do not work. With the exception of women with annual incomes in excess of +5,000, the findings show small but statistically significant differences both between older working women (who had the best morale) and retirees, and between retirees and women classified as never having worked (who evidenced the lowest moral). Satistically significant differences remained between these groups after simultaneously isolating the effects of age, income, and health, lending tentative support to the hypothesis and suggesting that work may indeed have a salutary thought limited psychological influence among women in the post-65 years.
本研究致力于将通常应用于男性的老年工作与退休的角色理论取向应用于女性。来自2398名65岁及以上女性的全国概率样本的横断面数据，用于检验这样一个假设：老年职业女性比不工作的女性有更高的士气。除了年收入超过5000美元的女性外，研究结果显示，老年职业女性（士气最高）与退休女性之间，以及退休女性与从未工作过的女性（士气最低）之间存在虽小但在统计学上显著的差异。在同时分离出年龄、收入和健康的影响后，这些群体之间仍存在统计学上的显著差异，这为该假设提供了初步支持，并表明工作在65岁以后的女性中可能确实具有有益但有限的心理影响。
