Lawson Anton E
Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1501, USA.
J Genet Psychol. 2002 Dec;163(4):425-44. doi: 10.1080/00221320209598694.
The domain-specific hypothesis of L. Cosmides (1989) and L. Cosmides and J. Tooby (1989, 1992) positing that conditional logic has its origin in the evolution of social exchange and in the detection of potential cheaters was tested against a more domain-general hypothesis positing that adult reasoning is logical and that errors in conditional reasoning arise from misunderstandings, not from a lack of logicality. The results of 5 experiments with undergraduate students (n = 682 for Experiments 1-4; n = 188 for Experiment 5), which involved a series of selection tasks that yielded specific predictions about participant performance, were not consistent with the cheater detection hypothesis. Findings supported the misunderstandings hypothesis and imply that adults possess general-purpose logical competence versus domain-specific modules.
L. 科斯米德斯（1989年）以及L. 科斯米德斯和J. 图比（1989年、1992年）提出了领域特定假设，认为条件逻辑起源于社会交换的进化以及对潜在欺骗者的察觉。与之相对，有一个更具领域一般性的假设，认为成年人的推理是合乎逻辑的，条件推理中的错误源于误解，而非缺乏逻辑性。针对这两个假设进行了检验。对本科生开展的5项实验（实验1 - 4的样本量n = 682；实验5的样本量n = 188）结果并不支持欺骗者察觉假设。这些实验包含一系列选择任务，对参与者的表现产生了特定预测。研究结果支持了误解假设，这意味着成年人具备通用的逻辑能力，而非特定领域的模块。
