Duraković-Belko Elvira, Kulenović Alija, Dapić Renko
University of Sarajevo, Bosnia.
J Clin Psychol. 2003 Jan;59(1):27-40. doi: 10.1002/jclp.10115.
The purpose of this study was to examine risk and protective factors of postwar adjustment among adolescents from Sarajevo who have been exposed to war traumas during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. More specifically, we wanted to examine differential linkages between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and depression (as outcomes) and (a) war traumas, (b) individual and socioenvironmental factors, and (c) cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms. Results of hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicate that dimensions of war traumas, individual characteristics, and cognitive appraisals and coping mechanisms play a significant role in determining who will have more serious PTSD symptoms. Although individual and socioenvironmental factors are the strongest predictors of depression, dimensions of war traumas also are significantly correlated with depressive symptoms. Common risk factors for more serious depression and PTSD symptoms in postwar adjustment were female gender and low optimism. While the strongest predictor of posttraumatic stress reactions (PTSR) was trauma experience in the category of loss, the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms was female gender.
本研究的目的是调查来自萨拉热窝的青少年在波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那战争期间遭受战争创伤后战后适应的风险因素和保护因素。更具体地说，我们想研究创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状与抑郁（作为结果）之间的差异联系，以及（a）战争创伤、（b）个人和社会环境因素，以及（c）认知评估和应对机制。分层多元回归分析结果表明，战争创伤维度、个人特征以及认知评估和应对机制在确定谁会有更严重的PTSD症状方面起着重要作用。虽然个人和社会环境因素是抑郁的最强预测因素，但战争创伤维度也与抑郁症状显著相关。战后适应中更严重抑郁和PTSD症状的常见风险因素是女性性别和低乐观度。虽然创伤后应激反应（PTSR）的最强预测因素是损失类别中的创伤经历，但抑郁症状的最强预测因素是女性性别。
