Duffield Jeremy S
Medical Research Council Centre for Inflammation Research, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Scotland, UK.
Clin Sci (Lond). 2003 Jan;104(1):27-38.
Recent investigations have highlighted new roles for the macrophage (Mphi) in the biology of inflammation. Selective depletion of Mphis from inflamed sites has confirmed their predominant role in immune-mediated damage. The components of this injury have been dissected. Mphis mediate death of stromal, parenchymal and other immune cells by engaging the death programme, resulting in apoptosis. In addition, Mphis induce destruction of matrix and extracellular structures both directly and indirectly by inducing stromal cells to release matrix metalloproteinases. However, there is another side to the inflammatory Mphi. Evidence is provided that Mphis at the same sites possess the ability to aid cell proliferation, secrete and stabilize new matrix components and induce resident cells to secrete matrix components themselves. Mphi phagocytosis of apoptotic cells brings about a change from the cell-killing matrix-degrading cell to the matrix-generating cell-proliferating tissue-healing cell. Just as both Mphi types are necessary at the inflamed site, the right balance of these two populations is required for healing and resolution. Evidence of excessive inflammation as a manifestation of impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cells emphasizes that defects in the transition from one Mphi type to another may account for the uncontrolled excessive inflammation seen in disease. Recent insights into the mechanisms by which apoptotic cells signal the change of function to the Mphi offer the prospect of novel targets for manipulation of Mphis in the inflamed tissue.
最近的研究突出了巨噬细胞（Mphi）在炎症生物学中的新作用。从炎症部位选择性清除Mphi已证实它们在免疫介导的损伤中起主要作用。这种损伤的组成部分已被剖析。Mphi通过启动死亡程序介导基质细胞、实质细胞和其他免疫细胞的死亡，导致细胞凋亡。此外，Mphi通过诱导基质细胞释放基质金属蛋白酶，直接和间接地诱导基质和细胞外结构的破坏。然而，炎症性Mphi还有另一面。有证据表明，同一部位的Mphi具有促进细胞增殖、分泌和稳定新的基质成分以及诱导驻留细胞自身分泌基质成分的能力。Mphi对凋亡细胞的吞噬作用使细胞从杀伤基质降解细胞转变为生成基质促进细胞增殖的组织修复细胞。正如炎症部位两种类型的Mphi都是必需的一样，这两种细胞群体的正确平衡对于愈合和炎症消退也是必需的。凋亡细胞向Mphi发出功能改变信号的机制的最新见解为在炎症组织中操纵Mphi提供了新的靶点。
