Bert T M, Seyoum S, Tringali M D, McMillen-Jackson A
Florida Marine Research Institute, 100 Eighth Avenue Southeast, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, USA.
Braz J Biol. 2002 Aug;62(3):387-408. doi: 10.1590/s1519-69842002000300002. Epub 2002 Nov 5.
International organizations and biodiversity scientists recognize three levels of biodiversity: genetic, species, and ecosystem. However, most studies with the goal of assessing biodiversity collect data at only a single level--that of the species. Even when multiple levels of biodiversity are considered, usually only ecosystem diversity is also evaluated. Genetic diversity is virtually never considered. Yet, genetic diversity is essential for the maintenance of populations and species over ecological and evolutionary time periods. Moreover, because components of genetic diversity are independent of either species or ecosystem diversity, genetic diversity can provide a unique measure by which to assess the value of regions for conservation. Regions can be valuable for conservation of their genetic resources regardless of their levels of species or ecosystem uniqueness or diversity. In general, the same methods and statistical programs that are used to answer questions about population genetics and phylogenetics are applicable to conservation genetics. Thus, numerous genetic techniques, laboratory methods, and statistical programs are available for assessing regional levels of genetic diversity for conservation considerations. Here, we provide the rationale, techniques available, field and laboratory protocols, and statistical programs that can be used to estimate the magnitude and type of genetic diversity in regions. We also provide information on how to obtain commonly utilized statistical programs and the type of analyses that they include. The guide that we present here can be used to conduct investigations of the genetic diversity of regions under consideration for conservation of their natural resources.
基因、物种和生态系统。然而，大多数旨在评估生物多样性的研究仅在单一层次——物种层次上收集数据。即使考虑多个生物多样性层次，通常也只评估生态系统多样性。基因多样性几乎从未被考虑过。然而，基因多样性对于种群和物种在生态和进化时间尺度上的维持至关重要。此外，由于基因多样性的组成部分独立于物种或生态系统多样性，基因多样性可以提供一种独特的衡量标准，用以评估区域的保护价值。无论区域的物种或生态系统独特性或多样性水平如何，其基因资源的保护都可能具有重要价值。一般来说，用于回答有关种群遗传学和系统发育学问题的相同方法和统计程序也适用于保护遗传学。因此，有许多基因技术、实验室方法和统计程序可用于评估区域层面的基因多样性，以用于保护考量。在此，我们提供了相关原理、可用技术、野外和实验室方案以及可用于估计区域基因多样性的规模和类型的统计程序。我们还提供了有关如何获取常用统计程序及其所包含分析类型的信息。我们在此呈现的指南可用于对出于自然资源保护考虑的区域的基因多样性进行调查。
