Parker R G, Berry H C
Cancer. 1976 Feb;37(2 Suppl):1162-71. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197602)37:2+<1162::aid-cncr2820370827>3.0.co;2-p.
Sequelae in the skeleton and bone marrow can be important late consequences for survivors following radiation therapy of cancer. Skeletal sequelae of radiation therapy often are predictable, although they may not be avoidable. The growth suppressive effects of therapeutic irradiation may occur in any bone, but most often are noted in the spine after doses in excess of 2000 rads. Mature bone and cartilage may be devitalized by irradiation without clinical consequence until stressed. Although malignant tumors may arise in irradiated bone and cartilage, the risk is minimal and is readily accepted in modern-day radiation oncology. Radiation-induced suppression of bone marrow function usually is of immediate rather than late consequence; however, functional recovery after therapeutic irradiation, while prolonged, is more complete than formerly thought. Leukemia rarely develops secondary to therapeutic irradiation.
骨骼和骨髓的后遗症可能是癌症放疗幸存者重要的晚期后果。放疗的骨骼后遗症通常是可预测的，尽管可能无法避免。治疗性照射的生长抑制作用可能发生在任何骨骼中，但最常出现在剂量超过2000拉德后的脊柱中。成熟的骨骼和软骨可能因照射而失去活力，在受到压力之前没有临床后果。虽然恶性肿瘤可能在受照射的骨骼和软骨中出现，但风险极小，在现代放射肿瘤学中很容易被接受。辐射诱导的骨髓功能抑制通常是即时而非晚期后果；然而，治疗性照射后的功能恢复虽然延长，但比以前认为的更完全。白血病很少继发于治疗性照射。
