Sigal J J, Adler L
J Genet Psychol. 1976 Mar;128(1st Half):7-16. doi: 10.1080/00221325.1976.10533966.
Time estimates and ability to delay gratification of obese and nonobese boys were compared by a 2x2x2 factorial experiment in which hunger and edibility of incentives were manipulated. Hunger did not affect estimates of the obese boys, while it significantly shortened estimates made by the nonobese boys when the hunger drive was made either specific or nonspecific by varying incentive conditions. Although estimates of the nonobese boys were significantly shorter in the edible than nonedible incentive condition, edibility of incentives did not affect the estiamtes of the obese, suggesting a general rather than food-specific arousal in the nonobese and a general lack of response to internal cues in the obese. Immediate rewards were chosen significantly more often by obese than nonobese Ss. However, delay gratification in both obese and nonobese was unaffected by the hunger and edibility of incentive manipulations. This was attributed to uncontrolled cognitive variables.
通过一项2×2×2析因实验，对肥胖和非肥胖男孩的时间估计以及延迟满足的能力进行了比较，该实验对饥饿和奖励的可食用性进行了操控。饥饿并未影响肥胖男孩的估计，而当通过改变奖励条件使饥饿驱力变得具体或不具体时，饥饿显著缩短了非肥胖男孩的估计。尽管在可食用奖励条件下非肥胖男孩的估计明显短于不可食用奖励条件，但奖励的可食用性并未影响肥胖男孩的估计，这表明非肥胖男孩存在一般的唤醒而非特定于食物的唤醒，而肥胖男孩对内部线索普遍缺乏反应。与非肥胖被试相比，肥胖被试更频繁地选择即时奖励。然而，肥胖和非肥胖被试的延迟满足不受饥饿和奖励可食用性操控的影响。这归因于未受控制的认知变量。
