Tarasova O, Sjöblom-Widfeldt N, Nilsson H
Department of Human and Animal Physiology, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia.
Acta Physiol Scand. 2003 Feb;177(2):157-66. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-201X.2003.01057.x.
We studied transmitter characteristics of proximal and distal arteries supplying skin (saphenous artery and its medial tarsal branch), kidneys (terminal branches of renal artery and interlobar arteries) and skeletal muscle (proximal and distal sections of external sural artery).
Artery segments were mounted in an isometric myograph and intramural nerves were activated by electrical field stimulation. Adrenergic and purinergic components of the neurogenic response were blocked using phenoxybenzamine and alpha,beta-methylene adenosine triphosphate (mATP), respectively.
Arteries from skin or kidney developed rapid and prominent neurogenic contractile responses, with half-maximal amplitude reached within 5-15 s; responses in proximal vessels were greater than in distal vessels. Arteries from skeletal muscle responded to sympathetic stimulation with a moderate contraction developing over 1 min or more, the response of distal segments was greater than that of proximal segments. In skeletal muscle vessels the sympathetically evoked contraction was completely blocked by phenoxybenzamine, whereas in skin and renal vessels it was the combined effect of noradrenaline and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Given alone, mATP did not change the magnitude of the response to nerve stimulation, but increased its latency and also potentiated the response to exogenous noradrenaline. In all vascular beds, distal vessels were more sensitive to noradrenaline and mATP.
It thus appears that the noradrenaline/ATP ratio of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor response differs between vascular beds in a way that is consistent with known differences in the selective regulation of regional vascular resistance by the sympathetic nervous system.
我们研究了供应皮肤（隐动脉及其跗内侧分支）、肾脏（肾动脉终末分支和叶间动脉）和骨骼肌（腓肠外侧动脉近端和远端节段）的近端和远端动脉的递质特性。
将动脉段安装在等长肌动描记器中，通过电场刺激激活壁内神经。分别使用酚苄明和α,β-亚甲基三磷酸腺苷（mATP）阻断神经源性反应的肾上腺素能和嘌呤能成分。
来自皮肤或肾脏的动脉产生快速且显著的神经源性收缩反应，在5 - 15秒内达到最大幅度的一半；近端血管的反应大于远端血管。来自骨骼肌的动脉对交感神经刺激的反应是在1分钟或更长时间内出现适度收缩，远端节段的反应大于近端节段。在骨骼肌血管中，交感神经诱发的收缩被酚苄明完全阻断，而在皮肤和肾脏血管中，这是去甲肾上腺素和三磷酸腺苷（ATP）的联合作用。单独给予mATP不会改变对神经刺激的反应幅度，但会增加其潜伏期，并增强对外源性去甲肾上腺素的反应。在所有血管床中，远端血管对去甲肾上腺素和mATP更敏感。
因此，交感神经血管收缩反应的去甲肾上腺素/ATP比值在不同血管床之间存在差异，这种差异与交感神经系统对区域血管阻力的选择性调节中已知的差异一致。
