Adler Lenard A, Chua Hong C
Department of Clinical Psychiatry and Neurology, New York University School of Medicine, 530 First Avenue, Suite 5A, New York, NY 10016, USA.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63 Suppl 12:29-35.
Although first identified in children in the 19th century, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults was not described in the literature until 1976. The symptoms of adult ADHD resemble the symptoms of childhood ADHD, but symptom intensity, especially hyperactivity, may decrease over time. However, due to the challenges and responsibilities of adulthood, a normal day is extremely complicated for the ADHD adult. Molecular genetics and neuroimaging studies confirm that ADHD is a heterogeneous, neurobiological disorder, mainly of dopaminergic and noradrenergic pathways. Trials of pharmacologic treatments in adults with ADHD have produced mixed results due to considerable variability in diagnostic criteria, dosing, and response. This article reviews the history, neurobiology, and pharmacologic management of adult ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）虽于19世纪在儿童中首次被发现，但成人ADHD直到1976年才在文献中被描述。成人ADHD的症状与儿童ADHD的症状相似，但症状强度，尤其是多动症状，可能会随着时间推移而减轻。然而，由于成年期的挑战和责任，对于患有ADHD的成年人来说，正常的一天极其复杂。分子遗传学和神经影像学研究证实，ADHD是一种异质性神经生物学障碍，主要涉及多巴胺能和去甲肾上腺素能通路。由于诊断标准、给药剂量和反应存在相当大的变异性，针对成人ADHD的药物治疗试验结果不一。本文综述了成人ADHD的历史、神经生物学和药物治疗。
