Rancāns Elmārs, Lapiņs Jānis, Salander Renberg Ellinor, Jacobsson Lars
Department of Psychiatry, Latvian Academy of Medicine, Tvaika str. 2, Riga, LV 1005, Latvia.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2003 Jan;38(1):18-26. doi: 10.1007/s00127-003-0602-y.
The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of suicidal behaviours in the general population in Latvia, to identify risk groups for suicidal behaviour, to examine a possible continuous sequence of suicidal behaviours with underlying gradient of severity, to assess patterns of help seeking behaviours and preferences of different types of services for suicidal persons.
A postal survey of a stratified proportional sample of the general population aged 18 and older was carried out.
The last year and lifetime prevalence of any type of suicidal behaviours was 52.6 and 60.2 %. The incidence of self-reported suicide attempts was 1.8 and 5.1 %, respectively. Females reported significantly less serious types (includes ideation, plans and/or attempts) of suicidal behaviours (OR 0.04, p = 0.001) during last year than males. Younger age, lower level of education, urban residency and Latvian ethnicity were identified as risk factors for serious types of suicidal behaviours in both genders. Non-cohabitation status (OR 5.3, p = 0.01) and lower level of education for males, but higher levels of education for females were identified as significant risk factors for mild types (solely life-weariness and/or death wishes) of suicidal behaviours. The results indicated no simple cumulative relationship between the suicidal behaviours. Age, gender, previous help seeking experience and severity of self-reported suicidal behaviours influenced help seeking behaviours. The overall acceptance of professional services was high, but people who reported suicidal behaviours ranked them lower.
A postal survey can provide a reasonable coverage of suicidal behaviours and description of risk groups in the general population. Higher prevalence of suicidal behaviours among males might indicate that nowadays males are under certain stress in Latvia.
本研究旨在评估拉脱维亚普通人群中自杀行为的患病率，确定自杀行为的风险群体，研究自杀行为是否可能存在潜在严重程度梯度的连续序列，评估自杀者寻求帮助行为的模式以及对不同类型服务的偏好。
对18岁及以上普通人群的分层比例样本进行邮寄调查。
任何类型自杀行为的去年患病率和终生患病率分别为52.6%和60.2%。自我报告的自杀未遂发生率分别为1.8%和5.1%。女性报告的去年自杀行为（包括意念、计划和/或未遂）严重程度显著低于男性（OR=0.04，p=0.001）。年龄较小、教育程度较低、居住在城市以及拉脱维亚族裔被确定为男女严重自杀行为类型的风险因素。非同居状态（OR=5.3，p=0.01）以及男性教育程度较低但女性教育程度较高被确定为轻度自杀行为类型（仅厌世和/或想死）的显著风险因素。结果表明自杀行为之间不存在简单的累积关系。年龄、性别、先前寻求帮助的经历以及自我报告的自杀行为严重程度影响寻求帮助的行为。对专业服务的总体接受度较高，但报告有自杀行为的人对其评价较低。
邮寄调查能够合理覆盖普通人群中的自杀行为并描述风险群体。男性中较高的自杀行为患病率可能表明如今拉脱维亚男性面临一定压力。
