da Silva C J, Jorge M T, Ribeiro L A
Departamento de Clinica Medica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, 38400-902, MG, Uberlândia, Brazil.
Toxicon. 2003 Feb;41(2):251-5. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(02)00287-8.
The aim of this article is to acquire knowledge about the aspects of snakebite epidemiology in a central region of Brazil. From 1993 to 1995, 90 cases of Crotalinae (Bothrops and Crotalus genera) and two cases of Micrurus snakebite were attended to in a general hospital. Epidemiological information about 73 out of the 90 Crotalinae victims was prospectively collected from interviews with the patients and/or their companions. Data from medical records were obtained for the 17 remaining cases. The snakes of Bothrops, Crotalus, and Micrurus genera were responsible for 74, 24 and 2% of the accidents, respectively. Most of the Crotalinae accidents occurred from October to March (68%) and from 06:00 to 12:00 a.m. (93%). Males (89%) and patients between 20 and 30 years-old (27%) were the most common victims. The main bite sites were: foot (24%), leg (23%), hand (22%) and ankle (21%). Among the 73 interviewed Crotalinae victims, farm workers were bitten more frequently (53%). The accidents often occurred during work (59%), and 90% of the patients wore footwear, but 30% were wearing only sandals. Tourniquet, squeezing, suction of the bite site and magic blessing were attempted in 47, 38, 8 and 10% of cases, respectively.
本文旨在获取有关巴西中部地区蛇咬伤流行病学方面的知识。1993年至1995年期间，一家综合医院共诊治了90例响尾蛇科（矛头蝮属和响尾蛇属）蛇咬伤病例以及2例珊瑚蛇咬伤病例。对90例响尾蛇科咬伤受害者中的73例，通过对患者和/或其同伴进行访谈，前瞻性地收集了流行病学信息。其余17例病例则从医疗记录中获取数据。矛头蝮属、响尾蛇属和珊瑚蛇属的蛇分别导致了74%、24%和2%的咬伤事故。大多数响尾蛇科咬伤事故发生在10月至次年3月（68%）以及上午6点至12点（93%）。男性（89%）以及20至30岁的患者（27%）是最常见的受害者。主要咬伤部位为：足部（24%）、腿部（23%）、手部（22%）和脚踝（21%）。在接受访谈的73例响尾蛇科咬伤受害者中，农场工人被咬的频率更高（53%）。事故通常发生在工作期间（59%），90%的患者穿着鞋子，但30%仅穿着凉鞋。分别有47%、38%、8%和10%的病例尝试使用了止血带、挤压、抽吸咬伤部位以及巫术祈福。
