Renal Physiopathology Laboratory and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, São José do Rio Preto Medical School, FAMERP, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil.
Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;119(2):c131-6; discussion c137. doi: 10.1159/000324228. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
Medically important venomous snakes in Latin America belong to the genus Bothrops, Crotalus, Lachesis and Micrurus. The Bothrops genus is responsible for the majority of accidents. The WHO globally estimates 2,500,000 poisonous snakebites and 125,000 deaths annually. In its last report in 2001, the Brazilian Ministry of Health accounted 359 deaths due to snakebites, of which the Bothrops genus was responsible for 185. Snake venoms cause local and systemic damage, including acute kidney injury, which is the most important cause of death among patients surviving the early effects of envenoming by the Crotalus and Bothrops genuses. Venom-induced acute kidney injury is a frequent complication of Bothrops snakebite, carrying relevant morbidity and mortality.
在拉丁美洲，具有医学重要性的毒蛇属于矛头蝮属、响尾蛇属、矛头蝮属和矛头蝮属。大多数事故是由矛头蝮属引起的。世界卫生组织全球估计每年有 250 万例毒蛇咬伤和 12.5 万人死亡。在其 2001 年的最后一份报告中，巴西卫生部报告了 359 例因蛇咬伤导致的死亡，其中矛头蝮属占 185 例。蛇毒会导致局部和全身损伤，包括急性肾损伤，这是响尾蛇属和矛头蝮属蛇咬伤患者早期存活后最重要的死亡原因。蛇毒引起的急性肾损伤是矛头蝮蛇咬伤的常见并发症，具有相关的发病率和死亡率。
