Higgins C B, Wexler L
Radiology. 1976 Apr;119(1):171-5. doi: 10.1148/119.1.171.
Multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas were demonstrated angiographically in 8 patients who exhibited cyanosis and polycythemia during childhood. Cyanosis was first observed during infancy in 5 patients. The diffuse (telangiectatic) type was present in 2 cases, while the remainder were of the multiple discrete type with one or two dominant fistulas. The clinical and angiographic features and surgical implications of multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas in these children and those reported previously are discussed.
血管造影显示8例儿童期出现发绀和红细胞增多症的患者存在多发性肺动静脉瘘。5例患者在婴儿期首次观察到发绀。2例为弥漫性（毛细血管扩张型），其余为多发性离散型，有一两个主要瘘管。本文讨论了这些儿童多发性肺动静脉瘘的临床和血管造影特征以及手术意义，并与先前报道的病例进行了比较。
