Diler R S, Avci A
Department of Child Psychiatry, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.
Swiss Med Wkly. 2003 Jan 11;133(1-2):16-21. doi: 10.4414/smw.2003.09943.
To assess emotional (depression, anxiety and self-esteem) and behavioural problems in migrant children and to compare them with non-migrant children.
526 students (60% boys, 40% girls) aged 11.23 +/- 1.05, at five schools in Adana, Turkey in areas with a high migrant population were included in this study. 182 children (35%) were migrants and 344 children (65%) were non-migrants. The Depression Inventory for Children (CDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAI-C) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) were administered to the pupils at their school and Rutter's Teachers Rating Scale (RTRS) was administered to their teachers. Sociodemographic variables were recorded on the basis of school records and the children's report.
In the migrant group, fathers were less educated and had more employment problems, homes were rented and the children were unsuccessful at school. Migrant children had significantly lower self-esteem with higher depression and anxiety. Behavioural symptoms on RTRS were not significant with regard to migration. No significant correlation was found between psychometric tests and father's education, duration of residence after migration or room density.
We found significant emotional but no behavioural problems in Turkish migrant children compared to Turkish non-migrant children. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the long-term course of the various types of distress and the individual prognosis of migrant adjustment.
评估移民儿童的情绪问题（抑郁、焦虑和自尊）及行为问题，并与非移民儿童进行比较。
本研究纳入了土耳其阿达纳五所学校的526名学生（60%为男生，40%为女生），这些学校所在地区移民人口众多。其中182名儿童（35%）为移民儿童，344名儿童（65%）为非移民儿童。在学校对学生施测儿童抑郁量表（CDI）、儿童状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI-C）和库珀史密斯自尊量表（CSEI），对教师施测鲁特教师评定量表（RTRS）。根据学校记录和儿童报告记录社会人口统计学变量。
在移民组中，父亲受教育程度较低，就业问题较多，家庭为租房居住，儿童在学校表现不佳。移民儿童的自尊显著较低，抑郁和焦虑程度较高。RTRS上的行为症状在移民方面无显著差异。心理测量测试与父亲的教育程度、移民后的居住时间或房间密度之间未发现显著相关性。
与土耳其非移民儿童相比，我们发现土耳其移民儿童存在显著的情绪问题，但无行为问题。需要进一步的前瞻性研究来阐明各类困扰的长期病程以及移民适应的个体预后。
