Jain Kewal K
Jain PharmaBiotech, Bläsiring 7, CH-4057 Basel, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2002 Dec;4(6):548-58.
Personalized medicine simply means the prescription of specific therapeutics best suited for an individual based on pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic information. The basis of personalized medicine are reviewed. Several technologies are used including single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping. haplotyping, gene expression studies by biochip/microarrays and proteomics. Molecular diagnostics will play an important role in the development of personalized medicine, in which therapy and diagnosis will be integrated. There are several examples of the personalized medical approach, which include genotype-based selection of patients for effective cancer therapy, to spare those who would not respond or would suffer undesirable side effects. Personalized therapy is financially feasible, as it will reduce the costs of drug development by shortening the drug development cycle. The introduction of pharmacogenomics into clinical trials is reducing the chances of failed clinical trials and increasing the prospects of safer and more effective therapies for specific groups of patients. Several advantages, as well as challenges to the development of personalized medicine are examined. Personalized medicine is anticipated to be an acceptable part of medical practice by the year 2010.
个性化医疗仅仅意味着根据药物遗传学和药物基因组学信息，为个体开具最适合的特定治疗方法。本文综述了个性化医疗的基础。使用了多种技术，包括单核苷酸多态性基因分型、单倍型分型、通过生物芯片/微阵列进行的基因表达研究以及蛋白质组学。分子诊断将在个性化医疗的发展中发挥重要作用，其中治疗和诊断将融为一体。个性化医疗方法有多个实例，包括基于基因型为患者选择有效的癌症治疗方案，以使那些不会有反应或会遭受不良副作用的患者免受影响。个性化治疗在经济上是可行的，因为它将通过缩短药物研发周期来降低药物研发成本。将药物基因组学引入临床试验正在减少临床试验失败的几率，并增加为特定患者群体提供更安全、更有效治疗的前景。本文探讨了个性化医疗发展的若干优势以及挑战。预计到2010年，个性化医疗将成为医疗实践中可接受的一部分。
