Gray N, Kozlowski L T
Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
Ann Oncol. 2003 Mar;14(3):353-7. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdg103.
The modern cigarette is unnecessarily dangerous. Despite being lower in tar yield, and consequently in squamo-carcinogenic polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as benzo[a]pyrene, the nitrosamine yields are often higher than they need to be. Also, reductions in tar levels have not led to the consequential reductions in mortality that were anticipated several decades ago. The modern cigarette is also smoother, easier to smoke and to learn how to smoke, highly addictive and facilitates compensatory smoking. Compensatory smoking leads to excess inhalation of carcinogens and toxins in the hunt for nicotine. Its labelling is misleading in that supposedly low-yielding cigarettes may, due to compensation occurring as a result of cigarette design, lead to inhalation of much higher amounts of nicotine, carcinogens and toxins than the smoker is led to expect. Regulation of the product is needed to provide the persistent smoker with a cigarette lower in risk, accurately labelled, providing a relatively consistent and known dose of nicotine, and less likely to facilitate compensatory smoking. This will not produce a safe cigarette but should result in a reduction in harm if seriously implemented.
现代香烟具有不必要的危险性。尽管其焦油含量较低，因而诸如苯并[a]芘等鳞状细胞致癌多环芳烃的含量也较低，但亚硝胺含量却往往高于所需水平。此外，焦油含量的降低并未带来几十年前所预期的死亡率相应下降。现代香烟吸食起来也更顺畅，更容易学会吸食，极易使人上瘾，还会助长补偿性吸烟行为。补偿性吸烟会导致在获取尼古丁的过程中过度吸入致癌物和毒素。其标签具有误导性，因为由于香烟设计导致的补偿作用，所谓的低焦油香烟可能会使吸烟者吸入比预期多得多的尼古丁、致癌物和毒素。需要对该产品进行监管，以便为烟瘾难戒的吸烟者提供一种风险较低、标签准确、能提供相对一致且已知剂量尼古丁且不太可能助长补偿性吸烟行为的香烟。这不会产生安全的香烟，但如果认真实施，应该会减少危害。
