MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Jan 17;52(2):24-6.
Botulism is a neuroparalytic illness caused by toxins produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, an obligate anaerobe found commonly in the environment. Intoxication with toxin type E is associated exclusively with eating animal foods of marine (salt or fresh water) origin. Persons who eat raw or fermented marine fish and mammals are at high risk for botulism from type E toxin. On July 17, 2002, the Alaska Division of Public Health investigated a cluster of suspected botulism cases among residents of a fishing village in Alaska. This report summarizes the findings of the outbreak investigation, which linked disease to eating raw muktuk (skin and a pink blubber layer) from a beached whale (Figure). To avoid delays in treatment, health-care providers evaluating patients suspected of having botulism should base treatment decisions on clinical findings. Public health authorities should be notified immediately about any suspected botulism case.
肉毒中毒是一种由肉毒梭菌产生的毒素引起的神经麻痹性疾病。肉毒梭菌是一种专性厌氧菌,在环境中普遍存在。E型毒素中毒仅与食用源自海洋(咸水或淡水)的动物性食品有关。食用生的或发酵的海鱼和海洋哺乳动物的人感染E型毒素导致肉毒中毒的风险很高。2002年7月17日,阿拉斯加公共卫生部对阿拉斯加一个渔村居民中出现的一组疑似肉毒中毒病例进行了调查。本报告总结了此次疫情调查的结果,该调查将疾病与食用搁浅鲸鱼的生鲸皮(皮肤和一层粉红色鲸脂)联系起来(图)。为避免治疗延误,评估疑似肉毒中毒患者的医疗服务提供者应根据临床检查结果做出治疗决定。任何疑似肉毒中毒病例均应立即通知公共卫生当局。