Israel L, Ohlmann T
Gerontology. 1976;22(3):141-56. doi: 10.1159/000212131.
We had previously elaborated a series of psychometric tests for old people. The aim of this test series is to assess the effects of brain-stimulating drugs (vasodilatating drugs). A factorial analysis was then carried out which enables us to reduce the number of tests, on the one hand, and to indicate the most fundamental fields of activity in old people, on the other hand. Four factors were distinguished. They assess respectively: watchfulness, memory, fluidity, and precision in the task undertaken. These four factors are strongly correlated. This implies the presence of a general factor, close in kind to the first factor. Watchfulness, attention and concentration are, in fact, necessary but insufficient conditions for the performance of all cognitive activities. A total of 7 tests among the most representative of each factor were retained. They are described in detail: test conditions, instructions, scoring and standardization.
我们之前为老年人精心设计了一系列心理测量测试。该系列测试的目的是评估脑刺激药物（血管扩张药物）的效果。然后进行了因子分析，这一方面使我们能够减少测试的数量，另一方面能够指出老年人最基本的活动领域。区分出了四个因子。它们分别评估：警觉性、记忆力、流畅性以及所从事任务的精确性。这四个因子密切相关。这意味着存在一个一般因子，在性质上与第一个因子相近。事实上，警觉性、注意力和专注力是进行所有认知活动的必要但不充分条件。每个因子中最具代表性的测试总共保留了7项。对它们进行了详细描述：测试条件、说明、评分和标准化。
