Maffioli C, Brunetaud J M, Butel J, Coudoux P, Geoffroy H
Int Surg. 1976 Mar;61(3):173-5.
Important progress in the last few years in fiberscopic instrumentation for digestive endoscopy has made possible duodenoscopy with catheterization of the papilla to obtain retrograde biliopancreatic contrast x-rays. Up to now the only possible way to explore biliary ducts, in icterus, was surgically. This new method makes their study possible without any surgical intervention and with a simple neuroleptanalgesia. It is most advantageous in icterus where clinical tests, laboratory tests and other complementary examinations such as laparoscopy do not help to determine the cause. This examination is not devoid of dangers, particularly of the risk of cholangitis and pancreatitis and therefore certain technical precautions are necessary, e.g., immediate surgical intervention in case of organ obstruction and well defined indications.
过去几年间，用于消化内镜检查的纤维内镜仪器取得了重要进展，使得十二指肠镜检查及乳头插管以获取逆行胆胰造影X线检查成为可能。到目前为止，在黄疸患者中，探索胆管的唯一可行方法是手术。这种新方法无需任何手术干预，仅通过简单的神经安定镇痛就能对胆管进行研究。在黄疸患者中，当临床检查、实验室检查以及其他辅助检查（如腹腔镜检查）无法帮助确定病因时，这种方法最为有利。这项检查并非没有风险，尤其是存在胆管炎和胰腺炎的风险，因此需要采取某些技术预防措施，例如在器官梗阻时立即进行手术干预以及明确界定适应症。
