Turner R G, Willerman L, Horn J M
J Clin Psychol. 1976 Apr;32(2):349-54. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(197604)32:2<349::aid-jclp2270320231>3.0.co;2-h.
The relationships between two of Cattell's second-stratum factors, Cortertia and Temperamental Independence, and WAIS scores were investigated for 122 men and 127 women. For men, both Cortertia and Temperamental Independence were related significantly to WAIS scores. For women, Temperamental Independence, but not Cortertia, correlated significantly with WAIS scores. The variability in the degree of relationship between the individual subtests and the personality factors was noted, and the cross-lagged panel correlation methodology was suggested as a possible approach to investigate the causal connections between personality factors and abilities.