Ziemba A W, Chwalbińska-Moneta J, Kaciuba-Uścilko H, Kruk B, Krzeminski K, Cybulski G, Nazar K
Department of Applied Physiology, Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2003 Mar;43(1):57-63.
The aim of this study was to find out how early the moderate training effects appear and to check the hypothesis that familiarization with exercise protocol may contribute to an early physiological responses to training in previously sedentary subjects.
Twelve male, sedentary volunteers (22.0+/-0.7 yrs) were submitted to 3 weeks of a bicycle ergometer training, consisting of 45 min of exercise (at 70% VO(2)max), 3-4 times a week. The subjects performed 4 incremental exercise tests until volitional exhaustion: 2 before training (C1 and C2), and then after 1 (T1) and 3 (T3) weeks of training. During exercise HR, VO(2), electrical activity (EMG) of rectus femoris, biceps femoris, soleus and trapezius muscles were recorded and blood samples were taken for blood lactate (LA) determination.
Already after 1 week of training HR decreased (p<0.05) with a further decline after 3 weeks the training (p<0.01). Maximal work load after 3 weeks of training increased to 277+/-10.4 W vs 250+/-9.5 W (p<0.05), VO(2)max achieved higher values than in C1 and C2 tests (p<0.05) and LA and EMG thresholds were elevated (p<0.05).
A decrease in the resting and submaximal heart rate is the earliest effect of increased physical activity. Familiarization to exercise protocol decreased EMG of biceps femoris and soleus muscles during exercise, but did not influence that of rectus femoris muscle the most engaged during cycling.
本研究旨在探究适度训练效果多早出现，并检验这样一个假设，即熟悉运动方案可能有助于久坐不动的受试者对训练产生早期生理反应。
12名久坐不动的男性志愿者（22.0±0.7岁）接受了为期3周的自行车测力计训练，每周3 - 4次，每次运动45分钟（强度为最大摄氧量的70%）。受试者进行4次递增运动测试直至自愿疲劳：训练前2次（C1和C2），训练1周（T1）和3周（T3）后各1次。运动过程中记录心率、最大摄氧量、股直肌、股二头肌、比目鱼肌和斜方肌的电活动（肌电图），并采集血样测定血乳酸（LA）。
训练1周后心率即下降（p<0.05），训练3周后进一步下降（p<0.01）。训练3周后的最大工作量增加至277±10.4瓦，而训练前为250±9.5瓦（p<0.05），最大摄氧量达到高于C1和C2测试的值（p<0.05），血乳酸和肌电图阈值升高（p<0.05）。
静息心率和次最大心率降低是身体活动增加的最早效应。熟悉运动方案可降低运动过程中股二头肌和比目鱼肌的肌电图，但对骑行时最活跃的股直肌肌电图没有影响。
