Murphy Suzanne P, Poos Mary I
Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2002 Dec;5(6A):843-9. doi: 10.1079/PHN2002389.
To summarise the applications and appropriate use of Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) as guidance for nutrition and health research professionals in the dietary assessment of groups and individuals.
Key points from the Institute of Medicine report, Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in Dietary Assessment, are summarised in this paper. The different approaches for using DRIs to evaluate the intakes of groups vs. the intakes of individuals are highlighted.
Each of the new DRIs is defined and its role in the dietary assessment of groups and individuals is described. Two methods of group assessment and a new method for quantitative assessment of individuals are described. Illustrations are provided on appropriate use of the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), the Adequate Intake (AI) and the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) in dietary assessment.
Dietary assessment of groups or individuals must be based on estimates of usual (long-term) intake. The EAR is the appropriate DRI to use in assessing groups and individuals. The AI is of limited value in assessing nutrient adequacy, and cannot be used to assess the prevalence of inadequacy. The UL is the appropriate DRI to use in assessing the proportion of a group at risk of adverse health effects. It is inappropriate to use the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) or a group mean intake to assess the nutrient adequacy of groups.
总结膳食参考摄入量（DRIs）的应用及合理使用方法，为营养与健康研究专业人员在群体和个体膳食评估中提供指导。
本文总结了医学研究所报告《膳食参考摄入量：膳食评估中的应用》的要点。重点介绍了使用DRIs评估群体摄入量与个体摄入量的不同方法。
定义了每种新的DRIs，并描述了其在群体和个体膳食评估中的作用。介绍了两种群体评估方法和一种个体定量评估新方法。给出了在膳食评估中合理使用估计平均需求量（EAR）、适宜摄入量（AI）和可耐受最高摄入量（UL）的示例。
群体或个体的膳食评估必须基于通常（长期）摄入量的估计。EAR是评估群体和个体时适用的DRIs。AI在评估营养素充足性方面价值有限，不能用于评估不足发生率。UL是评估有不良健康影响风险的群体比例时适用的DRIs。使用推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）或群体平均摄入量评估群体的营养素充足性是不合适的。
