Zafar Tariq, Brahmbhatt Heena, Imam Ghazanfar, ul Hassan Salman, Strathdee Steffanie A
Bloomberg School of public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20205, USA.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Apr 1;32(4):394-8. doi: 10.1097/00126334-200304010-00008.
Situated on the Pakistan-Afghan border, Quetta is home to growing numbers of Afghan refugees. We studied HIV knowledge and risk behaviors among Pakistani and Afghani drug users between July 2001 and November 2001. Of 959 drug users, all were male and the majority used heroin. Most were Pakistani (84.8%), 14.9% were Afghani, and 0.3% were Iranian. Relative to Pakistani drug users, a higher proportion of Afghanis reported no formal education, homelessness, and unemployment ( p <.001). Afghanis were more likely to have used an opiate as their first illicit drug (16% vs. 7%, p <.001), to have ever injected (18.8% vs. 12.3%, p =.04), to report needle sharing (72.2% vs. 48.2%, p =.08), or to report a drug user in their family ( p =.08). None of sexually active Afghanis had ever used a condom compared with 5.0% of the Pakistanis ( p =.01). Only 4.3% of Afghans had ever heard of HIV/AIDS compared with 18.3% of Pakistanis ( p <.001). Extremely low levels of HIV/AIDS awareness and high HIV risk behaviors were evident among drug users in Quetta, among whom Afghanis were especially vulnerable. Interventions to prevent transition to injection, needle exchange, and drug treatment are urgently required to prevent blood-borne infections.
奎达位于巴基斯坦与阿富汗边境，这里的阿富汗难民数量日益增多。我们于2001年7月至2001年11月期间研究了巴基斯坦和阿富汗吸毒者的艾滋病知识及风险行为。在959名吸毒者中，均为男性，且大多数吸食海洛因。多数是巴基斯坦人（84.8%），14.9%是阿富汗人，0.3%是伊朗人。与巴基斯坦吸毒者相比，更高比例的阿富汗人未接受过正规教育、无家可归且失业（p<.001）。阿富汗人更有可能首次吸食阿片类物质作为非法毒品（16%对7%，p<.001），更有可能曾有过注射行为（18.8%对12.3%，p =.04），更有可能报告有共用针头行为（72.2%对48.2%，p =.08），或者报告其家庭中有吸毒者（p =.08）。有性活动的阿富汗人中无人使用过避孕套，而巴基斯坦人中有5.0%使用过（p =.01）。只有4.3%的阿富汗人听说过艾滋病毒/艾滋病，而巴基斯坦人中有18.3%听说过（p<.001）。奎达的吸毒者中艾滋病毒/艾滋病知晓率极低且艾滋病毒风险行为高发，其中阿富汗人尤其脆弱。迫切需要采取干预措施以防止转为注射吸毒、开展针头交换及药物治疗，从而预防血源性感染。
