Suarez S S, Ho H-C
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Reprod Domest Anim. 2003 Apr;38(2):119-24. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2003.00397.x.
Hyperactivation is a movement pattern seen in sperm at the site and time of fertilization in mammals. It may be critical to the success of fertilization, because it enhances the ability of sperm to detach from the wall of the oviduct, to move around in the labyrinthine lumen of the oviduct, to penetrate mucous substances and, finally, to penetrate the zona pellucida of the oocyte. The movement of hyperactivated sperm appears different under different physical conditions and in different species, but basically it involves an increase in flagellar bend amplitude and, usually, beat asymmetry. Presumably, a signal or signals exist in the oviduct to initiate hyperactivation at the appropriate time; however, none has yet been identified with certainty. While the signal transduction cascade regulating hyperactivation remains to be completely described, it is clear that calcium ions interact with the axoneme of the flagellum to switch on hyperactivation. Although hyperactivation often occurs during the process of capacitation, the two events are regulated by somewhat different pathways.
超激活是哺乳动物受精部位和受精时刻精子呈现的一种运动模式。它对于受精成功可能至关重要，因为它能增强精子从输卵管壁脱离的能力、在输卵管迷宫般的管腔中移动的能力、穿透黏液物质的能力，以及最终穿透卵母细胞透明带的能力。超激活精子的运动在不同物理条件下和不同物种中看起来有所不同，但基本上它涉及鞭毛弯曲幅度的增加，并且通常涉及摆动不对称。据推测，输卵管中存在一个或多个信号，以便在适当的时候启动超激活；然而，尚未有信号被确切识别。虽然调节超激活的信号转导级联反应仍有待完整描述，但很明显钙离子与鞭毛的轴丝相互作用以开启超激活。尽管超激活通常在获能过程中发生，但这两个事件由略有不同的途径调节。
