Kast Richard E
College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Bington, VT 05401, USA. Email:
Neoplasia. 2003 Jan-Feb;5(1):3-8. doi: 10.1016/s1476-5586(03)80011-8.
Either ribavirin (RBV) or cyclophosphamide (CY) can shift an immune response from Th2 toward a Th1 cytokine profile. CY is used in this role in various current cancer immunotherapy attempts but with mixed success. More potent and reliable immunoadjuvants and Th1 response biasing methods are needed. RBV is used today mainly to augment interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C. RBV shifts an immune response from Th2 toward Th1 more effectively than CY and may be a safe and useful adjuvant for current cancer immunotherapeutic efforts. RBV is thought to act by inhibition of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. Tetrahydrobiopterin is an essential cofactor for all known isoforms of nitric oxide synthase. Lowered nitric oxide favors Th1 development as high levels favor Th2 weighting.
利巴韦林(RBV)或环磷酰胺(CY)均可使免疫反应从Th2型细胞因子谱向Th1型转变。CY在当前各种癌症免疫治疗尝试中发挥此作用,但效果不一。需要更有效且可靠的免疫佐剂和偏向Th1反应的方法。如今RBV主要用于增强干扰素-α治疗丙型肝炎。与CY相比,RBV能更有效地使免疫反应从Th2型转变为Th1型,可能是当前癌症免疫治疗中一种安全且有用的佐剂。RBV被认为通过抑制四氢生物蝶呤的合成发挥作用。四氢生物蝶呤是所有已知一氧化氮合酶同工型的必需辅助因子。一氧化氮水平降低有利于Th1的发育,而高水平则有利于Th2占优势。