Hansell Douglas R
ECLS Services, Children's Hospital and Clinics, Minneapolis MN 55404, USA.
Respir Care. 2003 Apr;48(4):352-62; discussion 363-6.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a technique developed to ensure adequate tissue oxygen delivery in patients suffering cardiac and/or respiratory failure. ECMO can provide this delivery without causing the iatrogenic damage associated with high mechanical ventilation pressures, high fraction of inspired oxygen, or high doses of inotropic medications. Though practitioners use a multitude of other, more "conventional," therapies for neonatal respiratory failure, only ECMO has been proven in a randomized, controlled, clinical trial to improve both mortality and morbidity among neonates. Though a randomized controlled trial of ECMO in the neonate has been published, to date no trial in the pediatric, adult, or cardiac population is complete. The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry provides data on the over 20,000 ECMO cases performed to date and serves as a resource to refine this supportive therapy. This support is not without complications, and it should be used in appropriate populations, with specific criteria for initiation.
体外膜肺氧合（ECMO）是一种为确保患有心脏和/或呼吸衰竭的患者获得充足组织氧输送而开发的技术。ECMO可以实现这种氧输送，而不会造成与高机械通气压力、高吸入氧分数或高剂量的强心药物相关的医源性损伤。尽管从业者使用多种其他更“传统”的疗法来治疗新生儿呼吸衰竭，但只有ECMO在一项随机对照临床试验中被证明可改善新生儿的死亡率和发病率。虽然关于新生儿ECMO的随机对照试验已经发表，但迄今为止，儿科、成人或心脏疾病人群的试验尚未完成。体外生命支持组织登记处提供了迄今为止超过20000例ECMO病例的数据，并作为完善这种支持性治疗的资源。这种支持并非没有并发症，应在适当人群中使用，并具有启动的特定标准。
