Vega Everardo, Lesikar Bruce, Pillai Suresh D
Department of Poultry Science, 418D Kleberg Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2472, USA.
Bioresour Technol. 2003 Aug;89(1):49-56. doi: 10.1016/s0960-8524(03)00029-4.
Untreated or improperly treated wastewater has often been cited as the primary contamination source of groundwater. The use of decentralized wastewater treatment systems has applicability around the world since it obviates the need for extensive infrastructure development and expenditures. The use of a submerged flow constructed wetland (CW) and a sand filter to remove bacterial and viral pathogens from wastewater streams was evaluated in this study Salmonella sp. and a bacteriophages tracer were used in conjunction with the conservative bromide tracer to understand the fate and transport of these organisms in these treatment systems. Viral breakthrough numbers in the sand filter and CW were similar with a Spearman Rank correlation of 0.8 (P<0.05). In the CW, the virus exhibited almost a 3-log reduction, while in the sand filter, the viruses exhibited a 2-log reduction. The bacterial tracers, however, did not exhibit similar reductions. Low numbers of bacteria and viruses were still detectable in the effluent streams suggesting that disinfection of the effluent is critical. The survival of the tracer bacteria and viruses was as expected dependent on the biotic and abiotic conditions existing within the wastewater. The results suggest that the microbial removal characteristics of decentralized wastewater treatment systems can vary and depend on factors such as adsorption, desorption and inactivation which in turn depend on the design specifics such as filter media characteristics and local climatic conditions.
未经处理或处理不当的废水常被视为地下水的主要污染源。分散式废水处理系统在全球范围内都有应用前景，因为它无需大规模的基础设施建设和支出。本研究评估了使用潜流式人工湿地（CW）和砂滤器去除废水流中细菌和病毒病原体的效果。沙门氏菌属和一种噬菌体示踪剂与保守的溴化物示踪剂一起使用，以了解这些生物体在这些处理系统中的归宿和迁移。砂滤器和人工湿地中的病毒突破数量相似，斯皮尔曼等级相关性为0.8（P<0.05）。在人工湿地中，病毒数量几乎减少了3个对数级，而在砂滤器中，病毒数量减少了2个对数级。然而，细菌示踪剂并未表现出类似的减少。在流出物流中仍可检测到少量细菌和病毒，这表明对流出物进行消毒至关重要。示踪细菌和病毒的存活情况正如预期的那样，取决于废水中存在的生物和非生物条件。结果表明，分散式废水处理系统的微生物去除特性可能会有所不同，并取决于吸附、解吸和失活等因素，而这些因素又取决于诸如过滤介质特性和当地气候条件等设计细节。
