Limbos Mary Ann P, Peek-Asa Corinne
USC Keck School of Medicine, Division of General Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS# 76, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
J Sch Health. 2003 Mar;73(3):101-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2003.tb03582.x.
This study determined the incidence of violence-related injuries in an urban school district, and compared characteristics of unintentional and intentional school injuries. A sample of student Accident Report Forms completed for a school district in 1997 were reviewed for demographic characteristics of the student and injury characteristics. Injuries were categorized as unintentional, intentional, or of unknown intent. Annual incidence rates of injury per 100 students were calculated by intention, grade, and gender. Comparisons between unintentional and intentional injuries were made using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Of 11,674 annualized injuries, 77.2% were unintentional, 16.8% were intentional, and 6.0% were of unknown intent. The overall annualized injury rate was 1.74 injuries per 100 students/year. The unintentional injury rate was almost five times the intentional injury rate of 0.29 injuries per 100 students/year. High school students had both the highest unintentional and intentional injury rates. Males in all grade levels had the highest rates of injury. Most injuries occurred during school hours. Intentional injuries were almost three times more likely to be associated with unstructured play or after school playground hours; were less likely to be witnessed events; and were more likely to occur on the surrounding school grounds than unintentional injuries. Unintentional injuries represent a greater risk to school children than do intentional injuries. A potential area to focus interventions for intentional injuries are modifications of the school environment and surrounding grounds to improve supervision and monitoring.
本研究确定了一个城市学区中与暴力相关伤害的发生率，并比较了无意和有意造成的校园伤害的特征。对1997年为一个学区填写的学生事故报告表样本进行了审查，以了解学生的人口统计学特征和伤害特征。伤害被分为无意、有意或意图不明。按意图、年级和性别计算每100名学生的年伤害发生率。使用比值比和95%置信区间对无意和有意伤害进行比较。在11674起年度伤害事件中，77.2%为无意伤害，16.8%为有意伤害，6.0%意图不明。总体年度伤害率为每100名学生每年1.74起伤害事件。无意伤害率几乎是有意伤害率（每100名学生每年0.29起伤害事件）的五倍。高中生的无意和有意伤害率均最高。所有年级的男生伤害率最高。大多数伤害发生在上课时间。有意伤害几乎比无意伤害多三倍的可能性与无组织的玩耍或放学后的操场时间有关；较少可能是有目击证人的事件；并且比无意伤害更有可能发生在学校周边场地。无意伤害对学童的风险比有意伤害更大。针对有意伤害进行干预的一个潜在重点领域是改善学校环境和周边场地，以加强监督和监控。
