Reduction of major adverse cardiac events with intracoronary compared with intravenous bolus application of abciximab in patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina undergoing coronary angioplasty.

BACKGROUND

In patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina undergoing coronary angioplasty, abciximab reduces major adverse cardiac events (MACE). Clinical trials have studied intravenous administration only. Intracoronary bolus application of abciximab causes very high local drug concentrations and may be more effective. We studied whether intracoronary bolus administration of abciximab is associated with a reduced MACE rate compared with the standard intravenous bolus application.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We stratified 403 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina undergoing coronary angioplasty according to the type of application of abciximab. A 20-mg bolus of abciximab was given intravenously in 109 patients and intracoronarily in 294 patients. There were no differences between the groups with regard to diabetes mellitus, cardiogenic shock, successful intervention, or preprocedural and postprocedural TIMI flow. At 30 days, the incidence of MACE (death, myocardial infarction, urgent revascularization) was significantly lower in the patients with intracoronary compared with intravenous administration of abciximab (10.2% versus 20.2%; P<0.008), which was independent from stenting in multivariate analysis. The effect was most pronounced in patients with preprocedural TIMI 0/1 flow (MACE: intracoronary 11.8% versus intravenous 27.5%, P<0.002; n=273).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina undergoing emergency coronary angioplasty, intracoronary bolus application of abciximab is associated with a reduction of MACE compared with the standard intravenous bolus application of abciximab. Prospective, randomized trials are warranted to further assess intracoronary application of abciximab.