Blatz Markus B, Sadan Avishai, Arch George H, Lang Brien R
Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, La 70119, USA.
J Prosthet Dent. 2003 Apr;89(4):381-7. doi: 10.1067/mpr.2003.89.
Bonded densely sintered aluminum oxide ceramic restorations such as Procera AllCeram laminates rely on a strong and long-term durable resin bond. Air particle abrasion and a phosphate-modified resin luting agent have the potential to provide such bonds to aluminum oxide ceramics, but their efficacy on the Procera AllCeram intaglio surface is unknown. The inherent microroughness of this surface may influence bond strengths, because micromechanical interlocking is a main contributor for adhesion of resins to ceramic materials.
This study evaluated the bond strength of a phosphate-modified resin luting agent with and without silanization to an air particle-abraded Procera AllCeram intaglio surface compared with a conventional resin-bonding system before and after artificial aging.
Sixty square (10 x 10 x 2 mm) specimens of Procera AllCeram alumina ceramic with the Procera intaglio surface were air particle abraded with aluminum oxide. Composite cylinders (2.9 mm in diameter and 3.0 mm in width) were fabricated with Z-250 composite and bonded to the ceramic specimens with either Panavia 21 TC or Rely X ARC (control) and their corresponding bonding/silane coupling agents. In addition, Panavia was used without silanization as suggested in similar studies. Subgroups of 10 specimens were stored in distilled water for either 3 or 180 days before shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine (MPa) until fracture. The 180-day specimens were subjected to thermocycling at 2000 cycles every 30 days (12,000 cycles total). Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison (alpha=.05). Failure modes were examined with a light microscope (original magnification x 25).
Differences between short-term and long-term groups were highly significant (P=.000). Bond strength with Rely X ARC and its silane coupling agent (22.75 +/- 4 MPa) decreased significantly (P=.000) after artificial aging (3.32 +/- 3.62 MPa). Panavia 21 after silanization revealed significantly different (P=.003) early (21.42 +/- 4.3 MPa) and late (16.09 +/- 2.37 MPa) bond strengths but achieved the highest bond strength after artificial aging. Bond strengths of Panavia without silanization both early (8.06 +/- 2.1 MPa) and late (6.91 +/- 2.49 MPa) were not significantly different. Failure modes were mainly adhesive at the ceramic surface for all groups.
Panavia 21 in combination with its corresponding bonding/silane coupling agent can achieve an acceptable resin bond to the air particle-abraded intaglio surface of Procera AllCeram restorations after artificial aging, which had mixed effects on the other investigated groups. The conventional resin luting agent revealed the most dramatic decrease in bond strength.
诸如Procera全瓷贴面之类的粘结致密烧结氧化铝陶瓷修复体依赖于牢固且持久耐用的树脂粘结。空气颗粒喷砂处理和磷酸盐改性树脂粘结剂有潜力为氧化铝陶瓷提供此类粘结，但它们对Procera全瓷内表面的效果尚不清楚。该表面固有的微观粗糙度可能会影响粘结强度，因为微机械锁合是树脂与陶瓷材料粘结的主要因素。
本研究评估了经过和未经硅烷化处理的磷酸盐改性树脂粘结剂与空气颗粒喷砂处理后的Procera全瓷内表面的粘结强度，并与人工老化前后的传统树脂粘结系统进行比较。
六十个尺寸为10×10×2mm的Procera全瓷氧化铝陶瓷方形试件，其带有Procera内表面，用氧化铝进行空气颗粒喷砂处理。用Z-250复合材料制作直径2.9mm、宽度3.0mm的复合圆柱体，并用Panavia 21 TC或Rely X ARC（对照）及其相应的粘结/硅烷偶联剂粘结到陶瓷试件上。此外，按照类似研究的建议，使用未经硅烷化处理的Panavia。在使用万能试验机测试剪切粘结强度（MPa）直至断裂之前，将10个试件的亚组在蒸馏水中储存3天或180天。对180天的试件每30天进行2000次热循环（总共12000次循环）。数据采用单因素方差分析和Tukey多重比较进行分析（α = 0.05）。用光学显微镜（原始放大倍数×25）检查失效模式。
短期和长期组之间的差异非常显著（P = 0.000）。人工老化后，Rely X ARC及其硅烷偶联剂的粘结强度（22.75±4MPa）显著降低（P = 0.000）（3.32±3.62MPa）。硅烷化后的Panavia 21早期（21.42±4.3MPa）和晚期（16.09±2.37MPa）的粘结强度有显著差异（P = 0.003），但人工老化后粘结强度最高。未经硅烷化处理的Panavia早期（8.06±2.1MPa）和晚期（6.91±2.49MPa）的粘结强度没有显著差异。所有组的失效模式主要是陶瓷表面的粘结性失效。
Panavia 21与其相应的粘结/硅烷偶联剂组合，在人工老化后可实现与空气颗粒喷砂处理后的Procera全瓷修复体内表面的可接受树脂粘结，而对其他研究组有混合影响。传统树脂粘结剂的粘结强度下降最为显著。
