Alderman Harold, Hentschel Jesko, Sabates Ricardo
Food and Nutrition Policy Advisor, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2003 May;56(10):2019-31. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00183-1.
Both public and private resources contribute to the nutritional status of children. In addition, the investments made by one household may contribute to the health of other households in the neighborhood through improvements in the sanitation environment and through increases in shared knowledge. This paper measures the externalities of investments in nutrition by indicating the impact of the education of women in Peruvian neighborhoods on the nutrition of children in other households, after controlling for the education and income of those households. We find that in rural areas this shared knowledge has a significant impact on nutrition, with the coefficient of an increase in the average education of women in the neighborhood being appreciable larger than the coefficient of education in isolation. In addition, we indicate the impact of the water and sanitation environment in the neighborhood, again controlling for the household's own access to sanitation and water. In both urban and rural areas, we observe externalities from investments in such household level infrastructure with the evidence particularly strong for sanitation made by neighboring households.
公共资源和私人资源都会影响儿童的营养状况。此外，一个家庭的投资可能会通过改善卫生环境和增加共享知识，对邻里其他家庭的健康产生影响。本文通过衡量秘鲁社区中女性教育水平对其他家庭儿童营养状况的影响，在控制了这些家庭的教育和收入因素后，来测算营养投资的外部性。我们发现，在农村地区，这种共享知识对营养状况有显著影响，社区中女性平均教育水平提高的系数明显大于单独教育系数。此外，我们还指出了社区水和卫生环境的影响，同样控制了家庭自身获得卫生设施和水的情况。在城市和农村地区，我们都观察到了这种家庭层面基础设施投资的外部性，其中邻里家庭进行的卫生设施投资的证据尤为有力。
