McClannahan L E, Risley T R
J Appl Behav Anal. 1975 Fall;8(3):261-8. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1975.8-261.
Nursing-home residents have frequently been characterized as unoccupied and disengaged. At the outset of the present study, most residents were to be found in their own rooms, not exhibiting gross motor behavior or social interaction, and not participating in appropriate activities. To modify residents' levels of participation with the environment, a manipulative area was provided in the lounge. Participation in the lounge averaged 20% on days when the activity was not available, but increased to a mean of 74% on days when equipment and materials were given and residents were prompted to participate. When prompts were withdrawn and materials were available only by request, mean participation fell to 25%. The findings demonstrate that manipulative activities can support a high level of participation with the environment, if residents are prompted to use equipment and materials.
养老院居民常常被描述为无所事事、不与人交往。在本研究开始时，大多数居民都在自己房间里，没有表现出明显的运动行为或社交互动，也没有参与适当的活动。为了改变居民与环境的参与程度，在休息室设置了一个操作区。在没有开展活动的日子里，居民在休息室的参与率平均为20%，但在提供了设备和材料并促使居民参与的日子里，平均参与率提高到了74%。当不再进行提示且材料仅可应要求提供时，平均参与率降至25%。研究结果表明，如果促使居民使用设备和材料，操作活动可以支持居民高度参与环境互动。
