Monocarboxylates and glucose utilization as energy substrates in rat brain slices under selective glial poisoning--a 31P NMR study.

We have investigated effects of various energy substrates including glucose, lactate and pyruvate on the recovery of the high energy phosphate levels after high-K+ stimulation in rat brain slices by using 31P NMR. It was found that lactate, pyruvate and glucose almost equally supported the recovery of phosphocreatine (PCr) levels after high-K+ stimulation (60 mM, 8 min) in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). In iodoacetic acid (IAA) and fluorocitrate (FC)-pretreated slices, whereas glucose was unable to be utilized, the recovery of the PCr level after high-K+ stimulation in ACSF containing lactate was completely abolished, the recovery of the PCr in ACSF containing pyruvate was unaffected. These results indicate that neurons themselves can utilize pyruvate as an exogenous energy substrate, but not lactate, without glial support. In intact brain, glucose may be metabolized to pyruvate in glial cells and then transported to neurons as an energy substrate. These suggest an astrocyte-neuron pyruvate shuttle mechanism of the brain energy metabolism in vivo. We also investigated the effect of ischemic-preconditioning in FC-pretreated slices, which showed that the PCr levels recovered substantially in ACSF containing lactate after high-K+ stimulation. This indicates that after the preconditioning, such as ischemia, neurons themselves acquired the ability to utilize lactate as an energy substrate.