Turner Samuel M, Beidel Deborah C, Roberson-Nay Roxann, Tervo Kari
Maryland Center for Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 2003 May;41(5):541-54. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00028-1.
Anxiety disorders are familial, and although considerable evidence supports the role of genetic/biological parameters in their development, these alone do not entirely explain their etiology. In this study, the role of parenting behavior as a possible factor in the transmission of anxiety from parent to child was examined. Using interview, self-report, and direct behavioral observation, behaviors of parents with an anxiety disorder were compared to those of parents without an anxiety disorder on a number of dimensions, but particularly with respect to whether anxious parents actively inhibited their children from engaging in normal age appropriate activities. These behaviors were assessed during routine activities and in a structured non-conflictual play task. Although anxious parents did not overtly restrict their child's behavior in either type of activity, they reported higher levels of distress when their children were engaged in these activities. Similarly, the "emotional climate" in families with an anxious parent differed significantly from families without an anxious parent. The results are discussed in terms of how parenting behaviors might influence the development of maladaptive anxiety via social learning and information transfer, and their heuristic implications.
焦虑症具有家族遗传性，虽然大量证据支持遗传/生物学因素在其发病过程中的作用，但这些因素本身并不能完全解释其病因。在本研究中，探讨了养育行为作为焦虑从父母传递给孩子的一个可能因素所起的作用。通过访谈、自我报告和直接行为观察，将患有焦虑症的父母与未患焦虑症的父母在多个维度上的行为进行了比较，尤其是焦虑的父母是否积极抑制孩子参与适合其年龄的正常活动。这些行为在日常活动和结构化的非冲突性游戏任务中进行评估。虽然焦虑的父母在这两种活动类型中都没有明显限制孩子的行为，但当孩子参与这些活动时，他们报告的苦恼程度更高。同样，有焦虑症父母的家庭中的“情感氛围”与没有焦虑症父母的家庭有显著差异。本文从养育行为如何通过社会学习和信息传递影响适应不良焦虑的发展及其启发意义方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
