Matthews Roland, Legg Stephen, Charlton Samuel
Ergonomics Research Group, Department of Human Resources, Health and Workplace Management, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Accid Anal Prev. 2003 Jul;35(4):451-7. doi: 10.1016/s0001-4575(02)00023-4.
The effect of three types of cell phones (hand held, hands free with an external speaker and personal hands free) on total subjective workload (including its constituent components; mental demand, physical demand, temporal demand, performance, effort and frustration) and intelligibility was measured using the NASA-task load index (TLX) and the modified rhyme test (MRT), respectively in 13 experienced drivers (nine male, four female, age range 28-65 years), whilst driving on a rural highway. The drivers rated all components of workload for each type of cell phone to be significantly higher than for a control condition in which no cell phone was used. The mean (standard deviation) total workload was lowest for the personal hands free cell phone (7.1(3.65)) and highest for the hands free speaker phone (10.8 (3.63)) (P<0.001). The mean (standard deviation) intelligibility score was highest for the personal hands free cell phone (74.1 (7.9)) and lowest for the hands free speaker phone (55.0 (10.4)) (P<0.001). Frustration was significantly correlated with total workload (0.60, P<0.001) and intelligibility was significantly correlated with frustration (-0.35, P<0.05). Physical demand was not a high contributor to total workload. It is concluded that a personal hands free cell phone would interfere least with the cognitive demands of driving.
在13名经验丰富的驾驶员（9名男性，4名女性，年龄范围28 - 65岁）在乡村公路上驾驶时，分别使用美国国家航空航天局任务负荷指数（TLX）和改良韵律测试（MRT），测量了三种类型的手机（手持手机、带外部扬声器的免提手机和个人免提手机）对总主观工作量（包括其组成部分：心理需求、身体需求、时间需求、绩效、努力程度和挫败感）和清晰度的影响。驾驶员对每种类型手机的工作量所有组成部分的评分均显著高于不使用手机的对照条件。个人免提手机的平均（标准差）总工作量最低（7.1(3.65)），免提扬声器手机最高（10.8(3.63)）（P<0.001）。个人免提手机的平均（标准差）清晰度得分最高（74.1(7.9)），免提扬声器手机最低（55.0(10.4)）（P<0.001）。挫败感与总工作量显著相关（0.60，P<0.001），清晰度与挫败感显著相关（-0.35，P<0.05）。身体需求对总工作量的贡献不高。结论是个人免提手机对驾驶认知需求的干扰最小。
