Brave Heart Maria Yellow Horse
Takini Network Inc., Rapid City, South Dakota 57702, USA.
J Psychoactive Drugs. 2003 Jan-Mar;35(1):7-13. doi: 10.1080/02791072.2003.10399988.
Historical trauma (HT) is cumulative emotional and psychological wounding over the lifespan and across generations, emanating from massive group trauma experiences; the historical trauma response (HTR) is the constellation of features in reaction to this trauma. The HTR often includes depression, self-destructive behavior, suicidal thoughts and gestures, anxiety, low self-esteem, anger, and difficulty recognizing and expressing emotions. It may include substance abuse, often an attempt to avoid painful feelings through self-medication. Historical unresolved grief is the associated affect that accompanies HTR; this grief may be considered fixated, impaired, delayed, and/or disenfranchised. This article will explain HT theory and the HTR, delineate the features of the HTR and its grounding in the literature, offer specific Native examples of HT and HTR, and will suggest ways to incorporate HT theory in treatment, research and evaluation. The article will conclude with implications for all massively traumatized populations.
历史创伤（HT）是指在整个生命周期和跨代过程中累积的情感和心理创伤，源于大规模的群体创伤经历；历史创伤反应（HTR）是对这种创伤作出反应的一系列特征。HTR通常包括抑郁、自我毁灭行为、自杀念头和举动、焦虑、自卑、愤怒以及识别和表达情感困难。它可能包括药物滥用，这往往是通过自我治疗来试图避免痛苦情绪的一种尝试。历史未解决的悲伤是伴随HTR的相关情感；这种悲伤可被视为固着的、受损的、延迟的和/或被剥夺权利的。本文将解释HT理论和HTR，描述HTR的特征及其在文献中的依据，提供HT和HTR的具体本土实例，并提出将HT理论纳入治疗、研究和评估的方法。文章最后将探讨对所有遭受重大创伤群体的影响。
