Grimes Julia P, Wimalawansa Sunil J
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, One Robert Wood Johnson Place 372-MEB, PO Box 19, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA.
Curr Womens Health Rep. 2003 Jun;3(3):193-8.
Bone loss associated with osteoporosis occurs with high frequency among the elderly and often results in debilitating fractures. A combination of lifestyle behaviors, genetic predisposition, and disease processes contributes to bone metabolism. Therefore, any discussion regarding bone health must address these factors. The impact of menopause on bone turnover has been generally well studied and characterized. Breastfeeding places significant stress on calcium metabolism and, as a consequence, directly influences bone metabolism. The most significant factors affecting bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism are the duration and frequency of lactation, the return of menses, and pre-pregnancy weight. Although transient, lactation is associated with bone loss. As clinical guidelines and public health policies are being formulated, there is a compelling need for further investigation into the relationship of lactation, BMD, and subsequent risk of osteoporosis. Better understanding of this relationship will provide new opportunities for early intervention and ultimately help in the prevention of bone loss in postmenopausal women.
骨质疏松症相关的骨质流失在老年人中频繁发生，且常导致使人虚弱的骨折。生活方式行为、遗传易感性和疾病过程共同影响骨代谢。因此，任何关于骨骼健康的讨论都必须涉及这些因素。更年期对骨转换的影响已得到广泛研究和描述。母乳喂养会给钙代谢带来巨大压力，因此直接影响骨代谢。影响骨矿物质密度（BMD）和骨代谢的最重要因素是哺乳的持续时间和频率、月经恢复情况以及孕前体重。尽管哺乳是短暂的，但它与骨质流失有关。随着临床指南和公共卫生政策的制定，迫切需要进一步研究哺乳、骨矿物质密度与后续骨质疏松风险之间的关系。更好地理解这种关系将为早期干预提供新机会，并最终有助于预防绝经后女性的骨质流失。
