Reid Gregor, Seidenfeld Allan
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Western Ontario.
Can J Urol. 1997 Dec;4(4):432-437.
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a common reason for patient visits to the family physician. The following study was carried out during one month in 1989 and one month in 1996, whereby urine specimens from adult females (living in suburban areas of Toronto, Canada), with presumed signs and symptoms of UTI, were processed. The pool of 20 infecting uropathogenic species was relatively unaltered over the seven years. Most isolates were Gram negative pathogens (72% in 1989; 76% in 1996), with Escherichia coli the most common (56.5% in 1989; 61.9%, in 1996), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (17.4% in 1989; 9.47% in 1996). The resistance to commonly prescribed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased during the seven years from 10% to 15%, for E. coli (Table 2) and from 35% to 100% for enterococci (Table 3). In 1996, although there was resistance to norfloxacin, the top five uropathogenic species were highly susceptible. No enterococci were resistant to nitrofurantoin and almost all E. coli (99.2%) were susceptible. Based upon this in-vitro data, nitrofurantoin, and not trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, would be the antimicrobial agent of choice for treatment of uncomplicated UTI in adult females.
尿路感染（UTI）是患者就诊于家庭医生的常见原因。以下研究于1989年的一个月和1996年的一个月期间进行，对来自（居住在加拿大多伦多郊区的）成年女性、有疑似UTI症状和体征的尿液标本进行了处理。在这七年中，20种感染性尿路致病菌的种类相对没有变化。大多数分离株是革兰氏阴性病原体（1989年为72%；1996年为76%），其中大肠杆菌最为常见（1989年为56.5%；1996年为61.9%），其次是粪肠球菌（1989年为17.4%；1996年为9.47%）。在这七年中，常见的复方新诺明的耐药率，大肠杆菌从10%上升到15%（表2），肠球菌从35%上升到100%（表3）。1996年，尽管对诺氟沙星有耐药性，但前五种尿路致病菌对其高度敏感。没有肠球菌对呋喃妥因耐药，几乎所有大肠杆菌（99.2%）都敏感。基于这些体外数据，呋喃妥因而非复方新诺明将是治疗成年女性单纯性UTI的首选抗菌药物。
